基本义是“不在(某地)”,即从某个位置或状态中脱离。由此引申出多个义项:1)外出(不在家或办公室),如“He is out.”(他出去了);2)出版、发布(书籍、电影等面世),如“The book is out.”(书出版了);3)出局(体育比赛中被淘汰),如“He is out.”(他出局了);4)耗尽(供应品用完),如“The milk is out.”(牛奶没了);5)过时(不再流行),如“That style is out.”(那种风格过时了)。这些义项都围绕“从内部或正常状态到外部或终结状态”的核心意象。
日常口语中常表示“外出”或“不在”,语气随意,如“She is out right now.”(她现在不在)。新闻报道中常表示“发布”或“出局”,如“The new policy is out.”(新政策出台了)。体育解说中“He is out!”表示“他出局了”。商务邮件中较少直接使用,但可能出现在“The report is out.”(报告已发布)中。文学作品中可表示“耗尽”或“过时”,带有隐喻色彩。
语法说明
“be out”是系动词+副词结构,后面不接宾语。常见句型:主语 + be + out,如“They are out.”;也可接“of + 地点”,如“He is out of the office.”。易错点:不要与“out of”(表示“从……出来”或“缺乏”)混淆,如“out of milk”是“没有牛奶了”,而“the milk is out”则指“牛奶已倒出或耗尽”。另外,注意时态变化,如“was out”“will be out”。
相似词辨析
“be out”与“be away”都有“不在”之意,但“be away”强调距离远,如“He is away on business.”(他出差在外);“be out”更强调暂时不在家或办公室。“be published”(出版)比“be out”更正式,后者在口语中常见。“be exhausted”(耗尽)比“be out”更正式,后者更口语化。
易错提醒
“be out”是中性短语,但语境决定色彩:在体育中“out”是判罚,带负面;在出版中“out”是正面。语域偏口语,正式写作中可改用“be unavailable”“be released”“be depleted”等。常见误用:将“be out”与“out of”混淆,或误用为被动语态,如“The light is out.”(灯灭了)是正确用法,但“The light is out of.”则错误。
高频搭配
be out of
be out and about
be out for
be out of order
be out of date
be out of work
be out of sight
双语例句
He is out for lunch; please call back later.他出去吃午饭了,请稍后再打。
The new iPhone model is out now.新款iPhone现已发布。
The player was clearly out, but the referee didn't call it.那名球员明显出局了,但裁判没有判罚。
We can't make coffee; the milk is out.我们没法做咖啡了,牛奶没了。
Those wide ties are out; narrow ones are back.那种宽领带过时了,窄领带又流行回来了。